internal package Foswiki::Address

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internal package Foswiki::Address

This class is used to handle pointers to Foswiki 'resources', which might be webs, topics or parts of topics (such as attachments or metadata), optionally of a specific revision.

The primary goal is to end the tyranny of arbitrary (web, topic, attachment, rev…) tuples. Users of Foswiki::Address should be able to enjoy programmatically updating, stringifying, parsing, validating, comparing and passing around of address objects that might eventually be understood by the wider Foswiki universe, without having to maintain proprietary parse/stringify/validate/comparison handling code that must always be considerate of the recipient for such tuples.

This class does not offer any interaction with resources themselves; rather, functionality is provided to create, hold, manipulate, test and de/serialise addresses

Fundamentally, Foswiki::Address can be thought of as an interface to a hash of the components necessary to address a specific Foswiki resource.

my $addr = {
    web        => 'Web/SubWeb',
    topic      => 'Topic',
    attachment => 'Attachment.pdf',
    rev => 3
};

Unresolved issues

• Is this class necessary, or should we make a cleaner, lighter Foswiki::Meta2 - where 'unloaded' objects are no heavier than Foswiki::Address and provide the same functionality?
• Should the physical file attachment be treated separately to the metadata view of the file attachment(s)? Desirables:
  • ability to unambiguously create pointers to an attachment's data (file)
  • ability for Foswiki core to calculate an http URL for it
  • ability to create pointers to properties (metadata) of the attachment
    • These questions are slightly loaded in favour of distinguishing between the datastream and metadata about the attachment. In an ideal world a file attachment would be a first-class citizen to topics: rather than topic text, we have the iostream; attachments would have their own user metadata, dataforms...
• Duplicating QuerySearch parser functionality. 80% of the code in this class is related to parsing "string forms" of addresses of Foswiki resources… querysearch parser needs some refactoring so we can delete the parser code here.
• API usability - can we stop passing around (web, topic, attachment, rev) tuples - will the →new() constructor make sense to plugin authors, core hackers? FEEDBACK WELCOME, please comment at Foswiki:Development.TopicAddressing

ClassMethod new( %constructor ) → $addrObj

Create a Foswiki::Address instance

The constructor takes two main forms:

Explicit form

Example:

my $addrObj = Foswiki::Address->new(
    web        => 'Web/SubWeb',
    topic      => 'Topic',
    attachment => 'Attachment.pdf',
    rev => 3
);

Options:

Param	Description	Notes
web	$string of web path, used if webpath is empty/null
webpath	\@arrayref of web path, root web first
topic	$string topic name
rev	$integer revision number.	If the tompath is to a attachment datastream, rev applies to that file; topic rev otherwise
tompath	\@arrayref of a "TOM" path, one of: META, text, SECTION, attachment.	See table below
string	string representation of an object	eg. 'Web/SubWeb.Topic/Attachment.pdf@3'

path forms:

tompath	Description
['attachments']	All datastreams attached to a topic
['attachment', 'Attachment.pdf']	Datastream of the file attachment named 'Attachment.pdf'
['META']	All META on a topic
['META', 'FIELD']	All META:FIELD members on a topic
['META', 'FIELD', { name => 'Colour' }]	The META:FIELD member whose name='Colour'
['META', 'FIELD', 3]	The fourth META:FIELD member
['META', 'FIELD', { name => 'Colour' }, 'title']	The 'title' attribute on the META:FIELD member whose name='Colour'
['META', 'FIELD', 3, 'title']	The 'title' attribute on the fourth META:FIELD member
['text']	The topic text
['SECTION']	All topic sections as defined by VarSTARTSECTION
['SECTION', {name => 'foo'}]	The topic section named 'foo'
['SECTION', {name => 'foo', type => 'include'}]	The topic section named 'foo' of type='include'

Example: Point to the value of a formfield LastName in Web/SubWeb.Topic,

my $addrObj = Foswiki::Address->new(
  web     => 'Web/SubWeb',
  topic   => 'Topic',
  tompath => ['META', 'FIELD', {name => LastName}, 'value']
);

Equivalent:

%QUERY{"'Web/SubWeb.Topic'/META:FIELD[name='LastName'].value"}%
or
%QUERY{"'Web/SubWeb.Topic'/LastName"}%

String form

Example:

my $addrObj = Foswiki::Address->new(
    string => 'Web/SubWeb.Topic/Attachment.pdf@3',
    %opts
);

String form instantiation requires parsing of the address string which comes with many options and caveats - refer to the documentation for parse().

ClassMethod finish( )

Clean up the object, releasing any memory stored in it.

PRIVATE ClassMethod _parse( $string, \%opts ) → $success

Parse the given string using options provided and update the instance with the resulting address.

Examples of valid path strings include:

• Web/
• Web/SubWeb/
• Web/SubWeb.Topic or Web/SubWeb/Topic or Web.SubWeb.Topic
• Web/SubWeb.Topic@2 or Web/SubWeb/Topic@2 or Web.SubWeb.Topic@2
• Web/SubWeb.Topic/Attachment.pdf or Web/SubWeb/Topic/Attachment.pdf or Web.SubWeb.Topic/Attachment.pdf
• Web/SubWeb.Topic/Attachment.pdf@3 or Web/SubWeb/Topic/Attachment.pdf@3 or Web.SubWeb.Topic/Attachment.pdf@3

"String" addresses are notoriously ambiguous: Foswiki traditionally allows web & topic separators '.' & '/' to be used interchangably. For example, the following strings could be topics or attachments (or even webs):

• Foo.Bar
• Foo.Bar.Cat.Dog
• Foo/Bar
• Foo/Bar/Cat/Dog

To resolve the ambiguity, components of ambiguous strings are tested for existence as webs, topics or attachments and used as hints to help resolve them, so it follows that:

Ambiguous address strings cannot be considered stable; exactly which resource they resolve to depends on the hinting algorithm, the parameters and hints supplied to it, and the existence (or non-existence) of other resources

Options:

Param	Description	Values	Notes
webpath or web topic	context hints	refer to explicit form	if string is ambiguous (and possibly not fully qualified, Eg. topic-only or attachment-only), the hinting algorithm tests string against them
isA	resource type specification	$type - 'web', 'topic', 'attachment'	parse string to resolve to the specified type; exist hinting is skipped
catchAs	default resource type	$type - 'web', 'topic', 'attachment', 'none'	if string is ambiguous AND (exist hinting fails OR is disabled), THEN assume string to be (web, topic, file attachment or unparseable)
existAs	resource types to test	\@typelist containing one or more of 'web', 'topic', 'attachment'	if string is ambiguous, test (in order) as each of the specified types. Default: [qw(attachment topic)]
existHints	exist hinting enable/disable	$boolean	enable/disable hinting through web/topic/attachment existence checks. string is assumed to be using the 'unambiguous' conventions below; if it isn't, catchAs is used

Unambiguous strings

To build less ambiguous address strings, use the following conventions:

• Terminate web addresses with '/'
• Separate subwebs in the web path with '/'
• Separate topic from web path with '.'
• Separate file attachments from topics with '/'

Examples:

• Web/SubWeb/, Web/
• Web/SubWeb.Topic
• Web.Topic/Attachment.pdf
• Web/SubWeb.Topic/Attachment.pdf

Many strings commonly used in Foswiki will always be ambiguous (such as Foo, Foo/Bar, Foo/Bar/Cat, Foo.Bar.Cat). Supplying an isA specification will prevent the parser from using the (somewhat expensive) exist hinting heuristics.

In order to simplify the algorithm, a string may only parse out as a web if:

• It is of the form Foo/, or
• isA => 'web' is specified, or
• No other type is possible, and catchAs => 'web' is specified

The exist hinting algorithm is skipped if:

• isA specified
• string not ambiguous

If string is ambiguous, the hinting algorithm works roughly as follows:

• if exist hinting is disabled
  • and catchAs is specified (parse as the catchAs type), otherwise
  • the string cannot be parsed
• if exist hinting is enabled, the string is checked for existence as each of the existAs types (default is 'attachment', 'topic')
  • if there is an exact match against one of the existAs types (finish), otherwise
  • if there were partial matches (select the combination which scores highest), otherwise
  • if catchAs was specified (parse as that type), otherwise
  • the string cannot be parsed

The following table attempts to explain how ambiguous forms can be interpreted and resolved.

String form	existHints	ambiguous	web[s]	topic	possible types
Foo/					web
Foo					web needs isA => 'web' or catchAs => 'web', error otherwise
Foo			set		topic
Foo		1	set	set	topic, attachment
Foo/Bar/					web
Foo/Bar					topic
Foo/Bar		1	set		topic, attachment
Foo.Bar					topic
Foo.Bar		1	set	set	topic, attachment
Foo/Bar/Dog/					web
Foo/Bar/Dog		1			topic, attachment
Foo.Bar/Dog	0				attachment
Foo.Bar/Dog		1			topic, attachment
Foo.Bar/D.g					attachment
Foo/Bar.Dog					topic
Foo/Bar.Dog		1	set		topic, attachment
Foo.Bar.Dog					topic
Foo.Bar.Dog		1	set	set	topic, attachment
Foo/Bar/Dog/Cat/					web
Foo/Bar.Dog.Cat					topic
Foo/Bar.Dog.Cat		1	set		topic, attachment
Foo/Bar.Dog/Cat					attachment
Foo/Bar.Dog/C.t					attachment
Foo/Bar/Dog.Cat	0				topic
Foo/Bar/Dog.Cat		1			topic, attachment
Foo/Bar/Dog/Cat		1			topic, attachment
Foo/Bar/Dog/C.t		1			topic, attachment
Foo.Bar.Dog/Cat	0				attachment
Foo.Bar.Dog/Cat		1			topic, attachment
Foo.Bar.Dog/C.t					attachment

PRIVATE ClassMethod _atomiseAsTOM ( $that, $path, $opts ) => $that

Parse a small subset ('static' meta path forms) of QuerySearch (VarQUERY) compatible expressions.

$opts is a hashref holding default context

'topic'/ ref part is optional; _atomiseAsTOM() falls-back to default topic context supplied in $opts otherwise. In other words, both of these forms are supported:

• 'Web/SubWeb.Topic@3'/META:FIELD[name='Colour'].value
• META:FIELD[name='Colour'].value

Form	tompath	type
META	['META']	meta
META:FIELD	['META', 'FIELD']	metatype
META:FIELD[name='Colour']	['META', 'FIELD', {name => 'Colour'}]	metamember
META:FIELD[3]	['META', 'FIELD', 3]	metamember
META:FIELD[name='Colour'].value	['META', 'FIELD', {name => 'Colour'}, 'value']	metakey
META:FIELD[3].value	['META', 'FIELD', 3, 'value']	metakey
fields	['META', 'FIELD']	metatype
fields[name='Colour']	['META', 'FIELD', {name => 'Colour'}]	metamember
fields[3]	['META', 'FIELD', 3]	metamember
fields[name='Colour'].value	['META', 'FIELD', 3, 'value']	metakey
MyForm	['META', 'FIELD', {form => 'MyForm'}]	metatype
MyForm[name='Colour']	['META', 'FIELD', {form => 'MyForm', name => 'Colour'}]	metamember
MyForm[name='Colour'].value	['META', 'FIELD', {form => 'MyForm', name => 'Colour'}, 'value']	metakey
MyForm.Colour	['META', 'FIELD', {form => 'MyForm', name => 'Colour'}, 'value']	metakey
Colour	['META', 'FIELD', {name => 'Colour'}, 'value']	metakey

ClassMethod stringify → $string

Return a string representation of the address.

The output of stringify() is understood by _parse(), and vice versa.

EXPERIMENTAL ClassMethod root( [$boolean] ) => $boolean

• $boolean - optional, set the hypothetical Foswiki 'root'. Since all Foswiki resources must exist under the root, a false value here basically means the address object is an undefined/invalid state.

Get/set root

This method (and the root attribute generally) may be removed before we release Foswiki 2.0. We would rather use web => '/'

ClassMethod web( [$name] ) → $name

• $name - optional, set a new web name

Get/set by web string

ClassMethod webpath( [\@webpath] ) → \@webpath

• \@webpath - optional, set a new webpath arrayref

Get/set the webpath arrayref

ClassMethod topic( [$name] ) → $name

• $name - optional, set a new topic name

Get/set the topic name

ClassMethod attachment( [$file] ) → $file

• $file - optional, set a new file attachment name

Get/set the file attachment name

ClassMethod rev( [$rev] ) → $rev

• $rev - optional, set rev number

Get/set the rev

ClassMethod tompath( [\@tompath] ) → \@tompath

• \@tompath - optional, tompath specification into the containing topic. The first $tompath→[0] element in the array should be one of the following
  • 'attachment': $tompath→[1] should be a string, Eg. 'Attachment.pdf'.
  • 'META': $tompath→[1..3] identify which META:<type> or member or member key is being addressed:
    • $tompath→[1] contains the META:<type>, Eg. 'FIELD'
    • $tompath→[2] contains a selector to identify a member of the type:
      • undef, for singleton types (such as 'TOPICINFO')
      • integer array index
      • hashref key => 'value' pairs, Eg. {name => 'Colour'}. {name => 'Colour', form => 'MyForm'} is also supported.
    • $tompath→[3] contains the name of a key on the selected member, Eg. 'value'
  • 'SECTION': $tompath→[1] should be a hashref, Eg. {name => 'mysection', type => 'include'}
  • 'text': addresses the topic text

Get/set the tompath into a topic

ClassMethod type() → $resourcetype

Returns the resource type name.

ClassMethod isA([$resourcetype]) → $boolean

Returns true if the address points to a resource of the specified type.

ClassMethod isValid() → $resourcetype

Returns true if the instance addresses a resource which is one of the following types:

• webpath, Eg. Web/SubWeb/
• topic, Eg. Web/SubWeb.Topic
• attachment, Eg. Web/SubWeb.Topic/Attachment.pdf
• attachments , Eg. 'Web/SubWeb.Topic/attachment'
• meta, Eg. 'Web/SubWeb.Topic'/META
• metatype, Eg. 'Web/SubWeb.Topic'/META:FIELD
• metamember, Eg. 'Web/SubWeb.Topic'/META:FIELD[name='Colour'] or 'Web/SubWeb.Topic'/META:FIELD[0]
• metakey, Eg. 'Web/SubWeb.Topic'/META:FIELD[name='Colour'].value or 'Web/SubWeb.Topic'/META:FIELD[0].value
• section, Eg. 'Web/SubWeb.Topic'/SECTION[name='something']
• sections, Eg. 'Web/SubWeb.Topic'/SECTION
• text, Eg. 'Web/SubWeb.Topic'/text

ClassMethod equiv ( $otherAddr ) → $boolean

Return true if this address resolves to the same resource as $otherAddr